It is important to recognize that, for memory footprint reasons, Invocation Stacks are shared across Composites of the same Composite Type. They are however thread-safe, in that Qi4j will never bind the same Invocation Stack to more than one Composite instance during a method call, but that between method invocations the Modifiers in the Invocation Stack can not assume that it is bound to the same Composite instance. Therefor, Modifiers are not expected to keep state between method invocations, and when it needs to do that, then it should reference a Mixin via the @This annotation. Qi4j will during the binding of the Invocation Stack to the Composite, also ensure that all referenced Mixins are correctly injected in the Invocation Stack.